Export
To export a database from MariaDB running in docker container use the following steps.
Set the database user password in environment variable
read -s DB_PSW
Export the database
docker exec -e DB_PSW=$DB_PSW -itsh -c 'mariadb-dump -uroot -p$DB_PSW my_database_name' > /tmp/my_database_name.dump
Import
docker exec -i <container_name> mariadb --user root --password=$DB_PSW my_database_name < ~/tmp/my_database_name.dump